Understanding Pornography: Interventions for Compulsive Users
(An ITTI Training Program)
Module 1: Intervening with Adults with Compulsive Pornography Use
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Introduction to this Training Program
To be better able to look at the emotional damage that pornography does to individual males and females, married couples, teens and children. It is important to:
1. Understand the impact of Compulsive Pornography on individuals and marriages
2. Identify the resources which can be used to help lessen the intense compulsive drive to view and absorb pornography
3. Recognize the negative impact compulsive pornography use has on human beings, couples and groups of humans struggling to stop using pornography
4. Accept that in trying to assist a compulsive pornography user to cease and resist use of pornography in their lives is a difficult road to go down
5. Overall, the world of pornography has changed and become more negatively impactful thanks to the rise of the internet, electronic technology and greedy organizations who are feeding off the negative obsessive habits of their target pornography audience
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What makes something porn?
- 84% of adults 25+ agree that if sex scenes make up most or all of a video, with very little storyline it’s porn.
- 61% of adults 25+ agree that close-ups or still pictures of the genitalia should be defined as porn.
- 26% of adults 25+ feel that fully nude still pictures are porn.
- 32% of adults 25+ believe that chatting or texting about sexual acts with someone you do not know personally is porn.
- 11% of adults 25+ feel that a partially nude show or dance is porn.
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Porn use Statistics
- 49% of young adults (18-24) say all or most of their friends use porn on a regular basis.
- 41% of young males (13-24) who are practicing Christians actively seek out porn at least once or twice a month.
- 33% of Americans seek out porn at least once a month.
- 57% of young adults seek out porn at least once a month.
- 46% of men seek out porn at least once a month.
- 63% of U.S. teens and adults 13 and older claim to search for porn for the purposes of personal arousal.
- 27% of older Millennials started viewing porn prior to puberty
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Sexting
- 40% of teens and young adults who actively seek out porn have sent a nude picture to someone.
- 62% of teens and young adults report receiving a nude image from someone else via text, email, social media or app.
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Porn and Culture
- 66% of young adults (18-24) rarely or never talk to their friends about porn.
- 55% of adults 25+ say viewing porn is wrong.
- 32% of teens and young adults say viewing porn is wrong
- 31% of young adults say porn is bad for society.
- 59% of U.S. teens, young adults and adults 25+ who are practicing Christians say porn is bad for society while only 16% of those who aren’t feel the same way.
- 50% of Millennials believe porn’s impact on society is negative.
- 77% of weekly porn users claim they are comfortable with how much porn they use.
- 39% of teens and adults 13 and older who are practicing Christians claim they are comfortable with how much porn they use while 40% would rather not use porn at all.
- Only 50% of daily porn users say porn featuring teens is wrong.
Source: Live Free Community at: https://livefreecommunity.org/porn-use-statistics/
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Porn in the Church
- 20% of youth pastors admit to currently struggling with porn.
- 14% of all pastors admit to currently struggling with porn.
- 34% of all pastors believe they are more at risk of porn temptation when compared to other professions.
- 53% of all pastors within the last 12 months has learned that someone they know in ministry struggles with porn.
- 41% of pastors say that the nature of their job makes it easier to use pornography secretly.
- 64% of pastors who use porn believe that it has on some level negatively impacted their ministry.
- 75% of practicing Christians believe that porn is a bigger problem for the Church now than it was 20 years ago.
- Only 38% of pastors say porn use is a major (3%) or significant (35%) problem in their church.
- 59% of practicing Christian married men have sought a pastor’s help for porn use.
- Only 19% of practicing Christians who use porn are currently trying to stop.
- 52% of senior pastors and 72% of youth pastors have recommended accountability to those who have sought their help.
- Just 7% of pastors say their church has a ministry program for those struggling with porn.
- Only 14% of youth pastors believe porn is a big problem among teens in their church.
- 41% of self-identified Christians say a pastor should be fired if he uses porn.
Source: Live Free Community at: https://livefreecommunity.org/porn-use-statistics/
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Stopping Porn Use
- 87% of adults 25+ say they have no one in their life who is helping them avoid pornography.
- 91% of U.S. self-identified Christians 25+ say counseling is very or somewhat effective for dealing with porn use.
- 83% of U.S. self-identified Christians 25+ say accountability groups are very or somewhat effective for dealing with porn use.
- 71% of U.S. self-identified Christians 25+ say internet monitoring or filtering is very or somewhat effective for dealing with porn use.
Source: Live Free Community at: https://livefreecommunity.org/porn-use-statistics/
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Immediately Have Adult Clients Make Their Homes Safe from Pornography & Other Negative Materials on Internet
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Strategies When Working with Adults with Compulsive Pornography Use
In planning your Intervention with an Adult with Compulsive pornography/sex use, you want to follow the steps recommend by Delboy (2015):
Step 1. Client Background and Case Conceptualization
1.Complete an Initial Clinical Assessment and Treatment Plan
2.Use of Self-Assessment or Professional Assessment Instruments to determine if the client is a compulsive pornography/sex user
3.Delineate the Symptoms which are signs of the problem
4.Do a complete Psychosocial History & include assessment of ACE Factors (Adverse Childhood Experiences)
5.Provide a complete diagnosis for the client including Principal, Provisional & Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
Step 2. Literature and Research Review
Step 3. Appraisal of Existing Literature
Step 4. Treatment Plan Development
Step 5. Implementation Considerations
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Step 1. Client Background and Case Conceptualization
A. Complete an Initial Clinical Assessment and Treatment Plan - You want to be sure you complete an Initial Clinical Assessment and Treatment Plan http://coping.us/cliniciantreatmenttools/clinicalassessmentplan.html
B. Assessments (http://www.coping.us/pornographyintervention/strategieswithadults.html)
- Self-Assessment for assessing Compulsive Pornography/Cybersex Use
- Self-Assessment: Am I addicted to Internet Sex?
- Cybersex Addiction Self-Assessment Screening
- Am I a Sex Addict Self Assessment
- PATHOS Screening Tool for Compulsive Pornography Use
Professional Assessments to Assess Compulsive Pornography/Cybersex Use
- Hypersexual Behaviors Inventory (HBI) with Scoring
- The Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI)
- Love Addiction Screening Test (LAST)
- Sex Addiction Screening Test (SAST)
- 4-self-tests- Sexual Addiction, Sexual Anorexia, Binge-Purge, Collateral indicators
- Sexual Compulsivity Scale
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Step 3. Appraisal of Existing Literature
Read the following: Treatment of Compulsive Pornography Use by Adults at: http://coping.us/pornographyintervention/treatmentofadults.html
Step 4. Treatment Plan Development
Recognizing the treating of Compulsive pornography/sex use is similar to Addictions in the Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Protocols so utilize the tools available for you in:
Step 5. Implementation Considerations
Consider implementing an Alternative 12-Step Program which will not set up resistance due to the fear of stigmatization. A readily available program is The Self-Esteem Seekers Anonymous (SEA’s) Program at: http://coping.us/seasmanual.html
Feel free to utilize any and all of the units in the Online Books on Coping.us.
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Addressing Adults' Specific Issues Related to Compulsive Pornography/Sex Use
Years of data have shown that individuals who are engaged in compulsive pornography/sex use are typically:
1.Victims of abuse (sexual, physical, emotional)
2.Come from rigidly disengaged families
3.See themselves as shameful, bad, unworthy persons
4.Are codependent & believe no one will love them as they are
5.See sexual activity as the most important way of taking care of their emotional needs
6.Engage in a variety of sexual behaviors
(Levert. 2007)
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Addressing Adults' Specific Issues Related to Compulsive Pornography/Sex Use
“Shame-based” is self-message most often experienced by adults with sexual related addiction. Efforts in treatment to reduce this shame is a goal (Wilson, 2012).
Problematic Internet Use behaviors may lead to decreased offline social activities & increased depression and loneliness over the course of several years. (Brezing, et al., 2010)
A 2017 report demonstrated that both insecure attachment styles & shame based or punishment-based religious beliefs were related to college students’ addictive sexual behaviors (Giordano, et al., 2017)
Given these needs, therapists can utilize the REBT and CBT modules from six books on coping.us (Laying the Foundation, Tools for Personal Growth, Tools for Relationships, Tools for Anger Workout, Tools for Handling Control Issues and Growing Down: Tools for Healing the Inner Child) to help their clients address these needs
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1. Victims of abuse (sexual, physical, emotional) ACE Factors:
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2. Come from rigidly disengaged families:
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3. See themselves as shameful, bad, unworthy persons
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4. Are codependent and believe no one will love them as they are
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5. See sexual activity as the most important way of taking care of their emotional needs
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6. Engage in a variety of sexual behaviors
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Dealing with Relapse in Recovery from Compulsive Pornography/Sex Use
Relapse is a common experience among sex addicts, and the disclosure of relapse has a range of consequences for addicts and their relationships, however, voluntary disclosure of relapse (rather than the partner discovering relapses independently) has been found to be associated with positive relational outcomes (Corley, et al., 2013).
Relapse is an everyday reality in recovery from any addiction and it is important for therapists to be armed with tools to share with their clients to help them get back on the way when relapse happens, figure out why it happened and do specific things to reducing the change of relapse in the future.
Toolbox for clients to use as they deal with Relapse
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12-Step Program for Adults with Compulsive Pornography/Sex Use
Supportive communication received through 12-step processes may enable pornography/sex addicts to change their behavior or motivated pornography/sex addicts who change their behavior diligently attend 12-step processes, either way such programs appear to be highly productive (Wright, 2010).
It is for this reason that we highly recommend that therapists initiate a 12 Step Program known as the Self-Esteem Anonymous-SEA’s Program which is non-stigmatizing since there is no mention of Pornography or Sex Addiction in the program’s Title or Programs:
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Online Recovery Programs for Adult Compulsive Pornography Users
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Impact of Pornography on Couples & Marriages
A 2016 study identified that men’s sexual difficulties and the sharp rise in erectile dysfunction, delayed ejaculation, decreased sexual satisfaction, and diminished libido during partnered sex in men under 40 is directly related to overuse of internet pornography. The study concluded that alterations to the brain's motivational system are the etiology underlying pornography-related sexual dysfunctions (Park et al., 2016). Their explanation is that the characteristics of internet pornography may be potent enough to condition sexual arousal that do not readily transition to real life partners. These characteristics include:
- Limitless novelty
- Potential for easy escalation to more extreme material
- Video formats
- The result of the impact of internet pornography is that sex with desired partners may not register as meeting expectation and arousal declines.
- Clinical reports suggest: Terminating internet pornography use is sometimes sufficient to reverse negative effects. (Park, et al. 2016).
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Impact of Compulsive Pornography Use on Marital Partners
A survey of women in 2015, found that their reports of their male partners’ pornography use were related:
- to less relationship satisfaction & more psychological distress.
- In addition, relationship trust mediated the links between male partners’ perceived pornography use & relationship satisfaction & psychological distress
Results from the moderation analyses indicated that:
- the direct effect of male partners’ perceived pornography use & relationship trust & the conditional indirect effects of male partners’ perceived pornography use on both relationship satisfaction & psychological distress were contingent on relationship investment
These findings indicated that when male partners’ perceived pornography use is high, women who have low or mean levels of relationship investment have less relationship trust. The survey revealed that the relationship between male partners’ perceived pornography use & relational & psychological outcomes exist regardless of women’s own attitudes toward pornography (Szymanski, et al., 2015).
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Pornography Leads to FWB Which Impacts Relationship Commitments
Friends with benefits (FWB) relationships integrate two types of relationship: 1. friendship & 2. relationship that includes sexual intimacy but without an expectation of commitment
- These relationships are often seen as less risky than other casual sexual behaviors, but they still pose a high risk of contracting a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
- Pornography consumption has been connected to increases in risky sexual behavior in casual sex
A 2015 study into pornography use influencing FWB behaviors, specifically through the mechanism of sexual scripts demonstrated that more frequent viewing of pornography is associated with:
- A higher incidence of FWB relationships
- A higher number of unique FWB partners
- Engagement in all types of risky sexual behaviors during FWB relationships
- More permissive sexual scripts mediated the association between frequency of pornography use & FWB behaviors
- A need for mitigating public health risks among emerging adults was established (Braithwaite,et al., 2015)
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Impact of Pornography on Commitment to Relationships
A 2014 study investigated female participants in committed relationships concerning honesty regarding pornography use & mutual consumption between partners, along with honesty & mutual use as predictors of satisfaction
- Participants reporting more honesty showed higher satisfaction & lower levels of distress
- Participants disclosing mutual use showed lower levels of distress, although no differences were reported in satisfaction
- Honesty regarding pornography use significantly predicted relationship dissatisfaction (Resch & Alderson, 2014).
Impact of Online Pornography on Sexist Attitudes of Males
In 2014 a study investigated how the sexist attitudes of young adult males were affected when they were inadvertently exposed to online pornography & the role of the sense of anonymity in subsequent selection by these individuals of sexually explicit material
Results of this study showed that:
- Participants were more likely to pursue extreme pornography when they felt anonymous, as compared with situations in which they did not feel anonymous
- This tendency was especially apparent for those exposed for 10 seconds to sexual online pop-up commercials that include pornographic content
- The results also showed that inadvertent exposure to such sexual online pop-up commercials, coupled with feelings of anonymity, could increase participants’ sexist attitudes toward women (Shim & Paul, 2014).
Impact on Gender Role & Attachment Styles from Compulsive Male Porn Use
A 2014 study examined gender role conflict & attachment styles & consequences of poorer relationship quality & sexual satisfaction of men’s pornography use among adult heterosexual men - Findings revealed that:
Both frequency of pornography use & problematic pornography use were related to:
- greater gender role conflict
- more avoidant & anxious attachment styles
- poorer relationship quality
- less sexual satisfaction
- In addition, the findings provided support for a theorized mediated model in which gender role conflict was linked to relational outcomes both directly & indirectly via attachment styles & pornography use (Szymanski & Stewart-Richardson, 2014).
Pornography’s Use Impact on Relationships
A 2013 study examined:
- associations among pornography use
- the meaning people attach to its use
- sexual quality
- relationship satisfaction
- factors that discriminate between those who use pornography & those who do not
Participants were couples who were either married or cohabiting at the time the data were gathered. Overall results from this study indicated substantial gender differences in terms of use profiles, as well as pornography’s association with relationship factors. Findings:
- Male pornography use was negatively associated with both male & female sexual quality
- Female pornography use was positively associated with female sexual quality
- Meaning explained a relatively small part of the relationship between pornography use & sexual quality (Poulsen, et al., 2013).
Impact on the Mental Health of Female Partners of Compulsive Porn Users
A report in 2012 found that:
- Women’s reports of their male partner’s frequency of pornography use were negatively associated with their relationship quality
- More perceptions of problematic use of pornography were negatively correlated with the women’s self-esteem, relationship quality & sexual satisfaction
- Due to the lowered self-esteem issues, women would continue in the relationship even with the perceptions of partner’s problematic pornography use & relationship quality
- Relationship length moderated the relationship between perceptions of partner’s problematic pornography use & sexual satisfaction, with significant dissatisfaction being associated with longer relationship length (Stewart & Szymanski, 2012).
Pornography Use Weakens Commitment in Relationships
A 2012 analysis of five different studies examined the correction between pornography consumption & commitment to romantic relationships with the expectation that higher levels of pornography consumption would correspond to weakened commitment in young adult romantic relationships.
- Study 1: found that higher pornography consumption was related to lower commitment
- Study 2: replicated this finding using observational data
- Study 3: participants were randomly assigned to either refrain from viewing pornography or to a self-control task. those who continued using pornography reported lower levels of commitment than control participants
- Study 4: participants consuming higher levels of pornography flirted more with an extradyadic partner during an online chat
- Study 5: found that pornography consumption was positively related to infidelity & this association was mediated by commitment.
Overall: a consistent pattern of results was found using a variety of approaches with the conclusion that more pornography consumption is associated with a more weakened commitment to one’s relationship partner (Lambert, et al., 2012).
Differences from Male & Female Use of Pornography
In studying the differences between male and female use of pornography researchers found that males indicated:
- a younger age of first exposure to pornography
- higher total number of times pornography was viewed
- more frequently viewing pornography within the last year compared to female participants
- Although men viewed more pornography more frequently than women, both male & female participants reported similar reasons for viewing pornography
- “Wanted the sexual excitement" was frequently indicated as a reason for viewing pornography
- However, a higher percentage of women reported "never looking for pornography on purpose" than did men
- The difference between "wanted the sexual excitement" and "never looking at pornography on purpose" was only 3%, suggesting that there is great discrepancy within reasons for viewing pornography among female participants. The discrepancy suggests that there is not a "typical" relation between women & pornography (Butler, et al., 2011).
Wives of Sexual Addicts Give us a Hint to Wives’ Views of Pornography Addicts
A study of wives of sexual addicts in 2006 found that they experience distressing symptoms in response to the disclosure of their husbands’ compulsive sexual behaviors & often describe the disclosure event as traumatic
- A majority of wives of sexual addicts respond to disclosure with significant trauma-related distress
- The data also reveal that years married at the time of disclosure &number of previous traumatic event exposures best predicted total trauma symptom severity scores (Stefens & Rennie, 2006)
In the survey the findings were:
- 70% met most criteria for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder
- 75% discovered evidence of compulsive or addictive sexual behaviors themselves (as opposed to a planned disclosure on the part of a husband)
- 71% demonstrated a severe level of functional impairment in major areas of their lives
- Length of marriage at disclosure & number of prior traumatic event exposures were the best predictors increased trauma symptoms (Stefens & Rennie, 2006).
Early Signs of Online Pornography’s Impact on Marital & Couple Relationships
Research from 2005, indicated pornography consumption was associated with the following six trends, among others:
1.Increased marital distress & risk of separation & divorce
2.Decreased marital intimacy & sexual satisfaction
3.Infidelity
4.Increased appetite for more graphic types of pornography & sexual activity associated with abusive, illegal or unsafe practices
5.Devaluation of monogamy, marriage & child rearing
6.An increasing number of people struggling with compulsive & addictive sexual behavior (Manning, 2005).
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Addressing Couples’ Relationships Impacted by Compulsive Pornography/Sex Use
Understanding and treating compulsive sexual activity in marital therapy is a stepwise process:
1.careful history taking and diagnostics of both partners
2.identification of the mutually reinforcing relationship dynamics keeping destructive behaviors in play
3.processing of underlying psychological and developmental roots of such behaviors
4.cultivation of empathy and trust
5.revitalizing of the couple’s sexual relationship (Cohn, 2014).
In assessing status of the relationship, it is important to ask the couples to come clean about their use of social media since there could be covert relationships being built on these platforms (Cravens & Whiting, 2014).
Internet pornography’s unique properties (limitless novelty, potential for easy escalation to more extreme material, video format, etc.) may be potent enough to condition sexual arousal to aspects of Internet pornography use that do not readily transition to real-life partners, such that sex with desired partners may not register as meeting expectations & arousal declines which clearly points out the need to work along with partners of those experiencing this compulsive condition (Park, et al., 2016).
Step 1: Careful History Taking & Diagnosis of Both Partners
Step 2: Identify Mutually Reinforcing Relationship Dynamics Keeping Destructive Behaviors in Play
1. Fighting Fairly: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/fightingfairly.html : Seven tools: 1 Judging our Fights; 2 Fighting for Love; 3 Take a Risk; 4 Rules on Handling Marital Conflict; 5 Improving Marital Negotiations; 6 Let’s Have a Fight and 7. Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Fighting Fairly
2. Avoid Burnout: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/toningupagainstburnout.html Five tools: 1 Marital Burn-Out Inventory; 2 A Short Course on Marital Burn-Out; 3 What’s Bugging You in the Marriage and a Debugging Plan; 4 A Self-Help Plan to Treat Burnout and 5 Follow-up Work-Out Plan for Marital Burnout
3. Financial Aerobics: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/financialaerobics.html Six tools: 1 An Inventory of the State of our Economy; 2 What are Our Attitudes about Money? 3 A Couple’s Scavenger Hunt; 4 What’s Blocking My Financial Aerobic Routines? 5 Budgeting – Tightening the Belt and 6 Follow-up Work-Plans for Financial Responsibility
Step 3. Processing Underlying Psychological & Developmental Roots of Such Behaviors
1. Function Analysis: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/personalperformanceanalysis.html Six tools: 1 A Couple’s Analysis of their Individual Personality Functioning; 2 A Couple’s Life Events Stress Analysis; 3 A Couple’s Assessment of What Type they Are; 4 Self-Image Checklist; 5 Increasing Personal Performance and 6 Follow-up Work-out Plans for My Personal Functioning
2. Values on Track: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/gettingourvaluesontrack.html Six tools: 1 A Value Conflict Assessment Inventory; 2 What Do We Value? 3 Determining Our Priorities; 4 How They Affect Us; 5 How are We Value-Programmed? and 6 Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Getting Our Values On Track
3. Handling a Fantasy Relationship & Handling the Use of Power and Control & Handling Competition: http://www.coping.us/toolsforrelationships.html
Step 4. Cultivation of Empathy and Trust
1. Communications Warmup: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/communicationswarmup.html Six tools: 1 How Well Do I Communicate with My Partner; 2 Effective Listening; 3 Effective Responses; 4 Practicing Effective Responses; 5 Effective Problem Solving and 6 Follow-up
Work-Out Plans for Improving Marital Communications
2. Handling Forgiving and Forgetting & Handling Fear of Rejection & Handling The Need For Approval & Creating a Healing Environment & Improving Assertive Behavior: http://www.coping.us/toolsforrelationships.html
3. Shaping up Assertiveness: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/shapingupassertiveness.html Six tools: 1 Do I Operate from Weakness or Strength; 2 A Marital Assertiveness Behaviors Exercise; 3 Ten Assertive Rights in Marriage; 4 Common Roadblocks and Myths Concerning Assertiveness in Marital Relationships; 5 Self-Assertive Training Exercise and 6. Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Mutual Assertiveness
4. Marital Team Expansion: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/maritalteamexpansion.html Five tools: 1 The Family Reunion Inventory; 2 My Parents: Myself; 3 An Overview of Pathfinder Parenting; 4 Family Councils: A Family Work-Out Model and 5 Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Family and Children
Step 5. Revitalizing of the Couple’s Sexual Relationship
1. Nurturing Sexuality: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/nurturingsexuality.html Six tools: 1 How Well Do We Know One Another Sexually? 2 Increasing Our Sexual Awareness; 3 Life Cycle Tasks For Healthy Sexuality; 4 Debunking Some Marital Sexual Myths and Fallacies; 5 What are Our Sexual Styles? And 6 Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Our Sexuality
2. Handling Intimacy & Goal Setting in Relationships: http://www.coping.us/toolsforrelationships.html
3. Making Record Time: http://coping.us/marriageworkout/makingrecordtime.html Seven Tools: 1 Why I Don’t Have Enough Time for You; 2 A Short Course in Time Management; 3 Things We Waste Our Time On; 4 Preparing a Family Time Budget; 5 Leisure/Free Time Analysis; 6 Shared Interests Exercise and 7 Follow-up Work-Out Plans for Making Record Time for Each Other
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Resources
to Help Us Decide: Where do We Go from Here Dealing with Pornography?
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Informative PDF’s from Reclaim Sexual Health at: https://www.reclaimsexualhealth.com/pdfs-to-share
1.Pornography the New Drug
2.The Science of Porn Addiction
3.Why Can’t I Stop?
4.There is Hope!
5.Your Brain and Masturbation
6.Physical Effects of Masturbation
7.Healthy Outlets
8.Does More Sex Cure Addiction
9.You Don’t Have to Be a Hermit Trapped? Use the Right Timing
Free E-Books from Covenant Eyes
E-Books for Families & Couples from Covenant Eyes
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Significant Reads from National Center on Sexual Exploitation
1.Pornography the New Drug
2.The Science of Porn Addiction
3.Why Can’t I Stop?
4.There is Hope!
5.Your Brain and Masturbation
6.Physical Effects of Masturbation
7.Healthy Outlets
8.Does More Sex Cure Addiction
9.You Don’t Have to Be a Hermit
10.Trapped? Use the Right Timing
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Web Resources for Stopping Use of Pornography
Organizations & Articles Against Pornography and its Related Threats
Treatment Programs to Stop Use of Pornography
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Immediately Have Adult Clients Make Their Homes Safe from Pornography & Other Negative Materials on Internet
Have Adult Clients and Families make their home safe from cybersex invasion through the use of Monitoring & Filtering systems such as Covenant Eyes which are listed below:
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References
Braithwaite, S.R., Aaron, S.C., Dowdle, K.K., Spjut, K. & Fincham, F.D. (2015). Does pornography consumption increase participation in friends with benefits relationships? Sexuality & Culture, 19, 513-532. DOI 10.1007/s12119-015-9275-4
Brezing C, Derevensky JL, Potenza MN. (2010) Non-substance-addictive behaviors in youth: pathological gambling and problematic Internet use. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 19(3):625-41. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.012. PMID: 20682225; PMCID: PMC3673531.
Butler, M.E., Holm, J.E. & Ferraro, F.R. (2011). Pornography's immediate effect on relationship satisfaction. PSI CHI Journal of Undergraduate Research,16(3), 113-122.
Corley, M.D., Pollard, S.E., Hook, J.N. & Schneider, J.P. (2013). Impact of disclosure of relapse for self-identified sexual addicts. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 20, 157-170. DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2013.786659
Cravens, J.D. & Whiting, J.B. (2014). Clinical implications of internet infidelity: Where Facebook fits in. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42, 325-339. DOI:10.1080/01926187.2013.874211
Delboy, S. (2015). Evidence-based practice for sex addiction: A clinical case illustration. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 22, 273-289. DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2015.1072487
Giordano, A. L., Cashwell, C. S., Lankford, C., King, K., & Henson, R. K. (2017). Collegiate sexual addiction: Exploring religious coping and attachment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(2), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12126
Lambert, N.M., Negash, S., Stillman, T.F., Olmstead, S.B.& Fincham, F.D. (2012). A love that doesn’t last: Pornography consumption and weakened commitment to one’s romantic partner. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 31(4), 410-438.
Levert, N.P. (2007). A comparison of Christian and Non-Christian males, authoritarianism, and their relationship to internet pornography addiction/compulsion. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 14, 145-166. DOI: 10.1080/10720160701354771
Manning, J. (2005). Hearing on pornography’s impact on marriage & the family, U.S. Senate Hearing: Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Property Rights, Committee on Judiciary, Nov. 10, 2005. Retrieved at: http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=e655f9e2809e5476862f735da10c87dc&wit_id=e655f9e280e5476862f735da10c87dc-1-3
Park, B.Y., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., Klam, W.P. & Doan, A. F. (2016). Is internet pornography causing sexual dysfunction? A review with clinical reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6. doi:10.3390/bs6030017
Poulsen, F.O., Busby, D.M. & Galovan, A.M. (2013). Pornography use: Who uses it and how it is associated with couple outcomes. Journal of Sex Research, 50(1), 72-83. DOI:10.1080/00224499.2011.648027
Resch, M. N., & Alderson, K. G. (2014). Female partners of men who use pornography: Are honesty and mutual use associated with relationship satisfaction? Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 40(5), 410–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.751077
Shim, J.W. & Paul, B.M. (2014). The role of anonymity in the effects of inadvertent exposure to online pornography among young adult males. Social, Behavior and Personality, 42(5), 823-834. doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.5.823
Stefens, B.A. & Rennie, R.L. (2006). The Traumatic Nature of Disclosure for Wives of Sexual Addicts. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13, 247–267. DOI:10.1080/10720160600870802
Szymanski, D.M., Feltman, C.E. & Dunn, T.L. (2015). Male partners’ perceived pornography use and women’s relational and psychological health: The roles of trust, attitudes and investment. Sex Roles, 73, 187-199. DOI 10.1007/s11199-015-0518-5
Szymanski, D.M. & Stewart-Richardson, D.N. (2014). Psychological, relational, and sexual correlates of pornography use on young adult heterosexual men in romantic relationships. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 22(1), 64-82. DOI:10.3149/jms.2201.64
Wilson, G. (2012). The great porn experiment. TEDxGlasgohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSF82AwSDiU
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